1. Introduction to the Sher Shah Suri's Tomb
The Sher Shah Suri Tomb is a monumental mausoleum located in Sasaram, Bihar. Commissioned by Sher Shah Suri himself, the tomb was completed on August 16, 1545, three months after his death. This grand structure not only serves as the final resting place of the emperor but also exemplifies the zenith of Indo-Islamic architectural fusion during that era.
Who Is Sher Shah Suri ?
Sher Shah Suri, originally named Farid Khan, was a formidable ruler who established the Sur Empire in North India after defeating the Mughal emperor Humayun. Born in 1486 in Sasaram, Bihar, Sher Shah’s legacy is not only marked by his administrative and military prowess but also by the architectural marvels commissioned during his reign. Among these, the Tomb of Sher Shah Suri stands as a testament to the grandeur of Indo-Islamic architecture and offers deep insights into the historical and cultural milieu of 16th-century India.
2. Architectural Significance Of Sher Shah Suri Tomb
This Sher Shah Suri tomb is a masterpiece of Indo-Islamic architecture, reflecting a harmonious blend of Persian and Indian design elements. Built mainly out of red sandstone, this structure stands on a height of 122 feet. Its classical design is inspired by the earlier Shahid and royal tombs in Delhi like the tomb of Sikandar Lode. In particular, the tomb of Hasan Khan Sooree, earlier built by Sher Shah, is considered to be a prototype of this tomb.
3. Exterior Features Of Sher Shah Suri Tomb
The Sher Shah Suri tomb is uniquely situated in the center of an artificial lake, locally referred to as “pani roza.” This lake, rectangular in shape, originally measured 1200 feet in length and 900 feet in width, symbolizing the “pond of abundance” as alluded to by the verses of Al-Kawthar inscribed within the tomb. The lake’s banks were terraced and landscaped with trees and bushes, enhancing the serene ambiance. A small domed gatehouse on the north bank connects to the tomb via a stone causeway, reconstructed in 1914–15 by the Archaeological Survey of India after the original was destroyed.
The Sher Shah Suri tomb itself stands on a square stone plinth approximately 22 feet high, featuring octagonal domed chhatris (canopies) at each corner. Stone banks and stepped moorings adorn all sides of the plinth, with smaller four-pillared chhatris near both ends of the north, south, and east walls. Each side of the plinth has flights of steps leading to a platform upon which the main tomb structure rests.
4. Wonderful Interior Design Of Sher Shah Suri Tomb
The interior maintains the octagonal layout, with each side (except the western qibla wall) containing a door leading to the veranda. Above these doors are latticed windows that illuminate the chamber. The western wall houses the mihrab, elaborately decorated with carvings and tile work, predominantly featuring Quranic verses. The grand dome, with an internal diameter of 71 feet, crowns the structure, creating a spacious and awe-inspiring interior.
5. Historical Context Of Sher Shah Suri Tomb
Sher Shah Suri’s reign (1540–1545) was marked by significant administrative and military achievements. He introduced the tri-metallic currency system, standardizing weights and measures, and implemented land revenue reforms that enhanced agricultural productivity. His strategic military campaigns expanded his empire across northern India. The construction of his tomb began around 1540 and was completed shortly after his death in 1545, during the reign of his son, Islam Shah Suri.
6. Construction and Completion Of Sher Shah Suri Tomb
The Sher Shah Suri tomb’s construction commenced during Sher Shah’s lifetime, possibly around 1542. However, Sher Shah died on May 22, 1545, due to an accidental gunpowder explosion during the siege of Kalinjar Fort. The construction continued under the patronage of his son, Islam Shah Suri, and was completed on August 16, 1545. At the time of its completion, it was the largest mausoleum in India, reflecting the empire’s architectural ambitions.
7. Symbolism and Cultural Impact Of Sher Shah Suri Tomb
The Sher Shah Suri tomb symbolizes the zenith of the Sur Empire’s architectural and cultural achievements. Its location in Sasaram, Sher Shah’s birthplace, signifies his connection to his roots and his desire to leave a lasting legacy. The fusion of architectural styles in the tomb influenced subsequent Mughal architecture, evident in structures like Humayun’s Tomb and even the Taj Mahal. The tomb’s grandeur and design continue to inspire admiration, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of 16th-century India.
8. Preservation and Modern Recognition Of Sher Shah Suri Tomb
Over the centuries, the Sher Shah Suri tomb has faced challenges due to environmental factors and human neglect. Restoration efforts, particularly by the Archaeological Survey of India, have aimed to preserve its structural integrity and historical authenticity. Today, the Tomb of Sher Shah Suri is recognized as a monument of national importance, attracting scholars, historians, and tourists alike. Its enduring presence serves as a reminder of India’s rich historical and architectural heritage.
9. Visitor Experience
Visiting the tomb offers a profound journey into India’s medieval past. The serene ambiance of the artificial lake, the grandeur of the sandstone structure, and the intricate architectural details provide a captivating experience. The site is accessible via the stone causeway, allowing visitors to appreciate the thoughtful integration of the tomb with its natural and constructed surroundings. Interpretative signage and guided tours enhance the understanding of the site’s historical and cultural significance.